Affiliated with a proof of funds provider for over 10 years, we frequently assist with letters of credit.
If you ever want to send a chill down the spine of your banker in the United States, just mention the phrase “back-to-back letters of credit.”
In a typical letter of credit (LC) arrangement, the buyer instructs their bank to issue an LC to the seller. There may be times, however, when a broker is acting as a buying or selling agent or middleman on behalf of the buyer or the seller. In this case, the broker may not want one of the parties to know that the other exists in order to protect their place in any future transactions between the two parties.
Therefore, the buyer instructs their bank to issue an LC to the broker. The broker then must be able to provide an LC to the seller. In order to do this, the broker wants the bank to accept the letter of credit provided by the buyer as collateral to enable them to issue a second letter of credit to the seller. The broker will argue that the proceeds from the first letter of credit can be used to fund the second letter of credit that the broker is trying to get issued.
Most banks in the U.S. will refuse to issue an LC under these circumstances for a number of reasons. First, most banks require that the applicant—in this case the broker—have a line of credit in place. Holding a letter of credit to be used as collateral probably wouldn’t be enough. The bank is going to want to see more, such as a current balance sheet, a record of earnings for three or more years, cash flow projections, a business plan, and a credit rating. The list could go on and on.
Second, the bank won’t want to rely on another LC as their source of funding. The risk is just too high. When documents are presented against the LC that the buyer applied for, discrepancies could very likely be found. Once a discrepancy is found, there is a chance that payment could be refused. If this happens and then compliant documents are presented against the second LC that the broker wants issued, the bank is now in a position where they must make payment, but they don’t have a source for funding that payment. Banks don’t like to find themselves in a position like this.
Third, timing could be an issue. It’s very likely that the seller would present documents against the LC that the broker is trying to get issued before documents are presented against the LC that the buyer issued. Using the one LC as a source of funding for the other could definitely require some type of interim financing, which takes us back to the line of credit issue.
Of course the best course of action is to check with your bank to find out what their policy is regarding back-to-back letters of credit. Just don’t be surprised if they don’t have an appetite for the business.
Solutions?
A Transferable Letter of Credit
Let’s just assume that we have a buyer, a broker or middle man, and a manufacturer. At the request of the broker, the buyer applies for a letter of credit. The broker has instructed the buyer that the letter of credit must be transferable. Hopefully the buyer follows these instructions and indicates on the LC application that the LC must be transferable.
The issuing bank, following the instructions of their customer the buyer, issues the LC that contains the clause: “This letter of credit is transferable.” Just what does this mean, and how does it work?
When a letter of credit is transferable, the original or first beneficiary is allowed to transfer all or a part of the value of the letter of credit to a third party, otherwise known as the second beneficiary. In our example mentioned above, the beneficiary is a broker, and they now have the ability to transfer either all or a part of the value of the letter of credit to the actual manufacturer of the goods and can do so without using any of their own line of credit.
The transferring bank, which typically would be either the issuing or advising bank, will actually issue a Transferred Letter of Credit (TLC) and advise it to the second beneficiary. The TLC will look identical to the original LC, with a few exceptions. If the original LC required four documents—a bill of lading, commercial invoice, packing list and certificate of origin—the transferred LC will also contain those same documents and only those same documents.
There are a few things that can differ between the two credits:
- the unit price if there is one,
- the period for presentation of documents,
- The percentage of insurance coverage if required by the original LC.
In addition, the applicant on the TLC may be shown as the first beneficiary.
If the entire value of the original LC is transferred to the second beneficiary, one could assume that some type of payment was made directly to the original/first beneficiary to compensate them for the transaction. If only a partial transfer was made to the second beneficiary, the original beneficiary retains the right to present their invoice and draft to the bank at the time the second beneficiary is making their document presentation.
The second beneficiary (in our example, the manufacturer) now holds a Transferable Letter of Credit and can anticipate payment if and when they present compliant documents. The second beneficiary is responsible for making the shipment, following the shipping instructions contained in the TLC, and for presenting the required documents to the bank for payment. They are very much in control of the transaction.
Once it is determined that the documents comply, the second beneficiary will receive payment for the value of their invoice less any banking charges. In the event of a partial transfer, the original beneficiary will receive payment for the difference between their invoice and the second beneficiary’s invoice.
This appears to be the perfect solution for a three-party transaction, or is it?
Remember, the second beneficiary has a lot of control. If the shipping documents they present have discrepancies, payment could be refused. Maybe even greater danger, when the second beneficiary is loading the crate and preparing for shipment, they could include a copy of their invoice with a notation that for future shipments please contact them directly, thus cutting the first beneficiary out of any future dealings.
An Assignment of Proceeds
Again, let’s assume that we have a buyer, a broker/middleman, and a supplier/manufacturer. At the request of the broker, a buyer applies for a letter of credit, but this time there is no mention of the letter of credit needing to be transferable. The letter of credit is issued, sent to the advising bank who in turn advises it to the beneficiary, also known as the broker or middle man.
The beneficiary knows that their supplier wants some type of assurance that they will be paid, but the beneficiary wants to maintain a maximum amount of control over the transaction. An Assignment of Proceeds might just be the answer.
Once the letter of credit is received, the beneficiary would approach their bank with the original letter of credit in hand and ask that a specific value of the original letter of credit be assigned to the supplier. For example, if the LC was issued for $45,000, the request for the assignment might be $30,000.
The bank will require the original letter of credit be presented along with the written request for the assignment. The bank needs the original LC so it can endorse the backside of the LC indicating that an assignment has been made to the named party and the value of the assignment. Remember, most letters of credit are freely negotiable, meaning that the beneficiary could present documents to any bank. By endorsing the LC, any bank that might receive documents will know that an assignment has been made.
Once the endorsement is taken care of, the bank will issue a document or letter titled Assignment of Proceeds addressed, in this case, to the supplier. The content of this document will indicate that an assignment of proceeds has been made in their favor with a stated value. It will also indicate that if and when payment is made under the letter of credit, payment will automatically be made under the assignment.
Now that the supplier is holding the Assignment of Proceeds they may feel confident that they will receive payment and release the merchandise to the middleman/beneficiary. If all goes according to plan, the beneficiary arranges shipment, obtains the documents necessary to draw against the LC, presents these documents to the bank, and the bank makes payment to both the beneficiary and to the holder of the assignment of proceeds.
Again, this may sound like the perfect solution for the buyer, broker/middleman and supplier, but could something go wrong with this approach? Unfortunately, yes.
With the Assignment in place, once the supplier turns over the merchandise to the broker/middleman, the supplier does lose control of the transaction. Worst case scenario would be that the supplier goes ahead and ships the merchandise to the buyer but also contacts them proposing that they not use the LC as the method of payment. They might even suggest that instead of the LC, they would be happy to offer open account terms. They may propose that after the buyer has received the merchandise, they could wire transfer payment.
The buyer, not knowing that an assignment of proceeds has been issued, may be thrilled at the prospect of not having to pay their bank an examination fee under the LC and embrace the open account proposal.
Meanwhile, we have the supplier sitting back patiently waiting for payment. After two or three weeks, they may contact the bank asking about the status of payment against the assignment only to hear that documents have yet to be presented against the letter of credit. The supplier will be referred to the line in the assignment of proceeds that payment will be made to them if and when payment under the letter of credit is made.
The supplier then tries to contact the broker/middleman only to find out that the phone has been disconnected, and they appear to have left town. The supplier’s prospect for payment at this point isn’t very good.
For this very reason, suppliers or manufacturers may shy away from this arrangement.
It’s never a perfect world!
We offer these educational articles to help our customers understand the complicated nature of financial industry transactions. If you need help obtaining a SWIFT for a commodity trade transaction, perhaps we can help you. Call us at 1.925.352.6000
Sincerely and with gratitude,
Joseph P. Tufo
Certified Cash Flow Consultant, Certified Capital Specialist, Certified Trainer MedXPrime
925-352-6000 Cell 800-669-2700 (USA Only)
Skype: jptufo
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On the weekend of November 15, 2014 while something historical took place most of us were sound asleep.
That autumn morning in Brisbane, Australia the G20 leaders posed for photo ops, approved a series of proposals, cast stones at Russian President Vladimir Putin and then whisked back to their respective countries.
It all happened so fast, that few leaders realized what they endorsed. They had rubber-stamped the Financial Stability Board’s “Adequacy of Loss-Absorbing Capacity of Global Systemically Important Banks in Resolution,” which completely changed the traditional rules of banking.
Russell Napier, writing in ZeroHedge, called it “the day money died.”
While we still feel confident our money is still in the bank, it is future deposits that can now be counted as dead, unlike coins and paper bills which cannot be tracked or, according to Napier, given a “haircut.”
But, that also recently changed. Keep reading, you’ll be glad you did...
Napier continued by stating that bank deposits are now “just part of commercial banks’ capital structure.” In plain English, this means your future bank deposits can be “bailed in” or confiscated to save mega-banks from ventures that have gone wrong.
Instead of banks focusing on their clients’ needs, these new rules prioritize payment of banks’ derivatives obligations to each other. This puts depositors like you and I at the end of the line.
Furthermore, banks now target pension funds for their latest bail-in plan, calling the tactic “bail-inable” bonds.
“Bail-ins” have been implemented by banks to avoid future government bailouts and eliminate the fall of too big to fail (TBTF) entities. However, the end result is a bail-in movement as mega-banks are saved from bankruptcy by expropriating the funds of depositors and creditors.
The fact is that bail-ins will likely have worse consequences than bailouts for depositors, since deposits under $250,000 in the US are protected by federal deposit insurance, which in itself has become severely underfunded due to the banks’ exponentially growing derivative claims.
Recent financial trends point to a looming cash shortage among U.S. banks.
Americans are finding it harder than usual to withdraw physical cash from their bank or retirement accounts.
ARE U.S. BANKS STRAPPED FOR CASH?
As U.S. banks endeavor to turn your cash into “zero’s in cyberspace,” they are launching an all-out war on cash, making those who deal with physical money out to be terrorists or money launderers.
At the same time, stocks for most U.S. banks have taken a nose dive. The Federal Reserve is pushing the idea of negative interest rates on bank deposits.
NIRP (Negative Interest Rate Policy) will allow U.S. banks to charge you on-going fees on all accounts with a positive cash balance.
Economic metldowns in countries like Ukraine, Cyprus and Greece show that governments have the power to do this.
This special report exposes new U.S. banking policies anyone with a bank account should be aware of; Suspicious Activity Reports [SARS], Negative Interest Role Policy’s (NIRP) and Bail-in’s.
To regulate money flow, including deposits that you put in a bank, the government is setting a limit on the amount of cash that can be withdrawn.
Most of us have heard of CTRs, [Currency Transaction Reports), which are filed for any withdrawal over $10,000.00.
However. SAR‘s are required for movements as small as $5,000.00.
When Should SARS Be Filled And Submitted To Authorities?
According to details obtained from the FDIC website, here are the instances when a SARS must be filed:
(1) Insider abuse involving any amount.
(2) Transactions aggregating $5,000 or more where a suspect can be identified.
(3) Transactions aggregating $25,000 or more regardless of potential suspects.
(4) Transactions aggregating $5,000 or more that involve potential laundering or violations of the Bank Secrecy Act.
SARS (SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY REPORTS)
To curtail the chances of money laundering, banks are mandated to fill out SARS on a regular basis. The fact is, there is a minimum quota of SARS that banks are required to submit to authorities since US. government regulation requires all banks to file mandatory SARS involving their customers.
Banks can even be fined severely if the SARS submitted are deemed insufficient, and their banking charter can be revoked as the hammer falls on the banks’ management if they fail to comply with U.S. regulations. In some instances, individuals could even face prison time.
Could There Be Existing SARS With Your Name On Them?
If you are an investor with an extensive portfolio or are involved in substantial cash transactions, there is a high likelihood that your banker may have submitted a SAR about you.
Accordingly to the U.S. government, as of October 2015, more than 3 million SARS have been submitted. However, the Justice Department claims that the number of SARS filed so far is insufficient. The Justice Department is now actually encouraging banking executives to get the police involved when dealing with customers.
A senior official from the Justice Department was quoted as telling banks to pick up the phone and dial 911, whenever they become suspicious about a customer. The official said:
“[We] encourage those institutions to consider whether to take action: specifically, to alert law enforcement authorities about the problem, who may be able to seize the funds, initiate an investigation, or take other proactive steps.“
In summary, as stipulated by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, banks are required to file a SAR when “a transaction is made or attempted by a customer either with the bank or its associate, which is in excess of $5,000.00.”
Have you recently been involved in such a transaction? The odds are, that you have. We heard a lot about NIRP in 2016. However, have you ever imagined what happens when a bank’s interest rate falls BELOW zero?
Banks will charge you a fee for keeping your money with them. As crazy as it may sound, most banks in Europe have lowered their interest rates to less than zero. Japan has also followed suit as these countries are cutting their interest rates in a bid to renegotiate their economies, while others do this to dispel foreign investors.
Whatever the reason, cutting interest rates is an unconventional option which can have dire negative consequences on the global economy.
The possibility that all banks will agree to lower interest rates below the zero mark would inevitably lead to one World Central Bank in the future.
Recent Developments
Just last year, the Bank of Japan shocked everyone when they decided to adopt a less than zero interest rate. This came less than 2 years after Europe’s Central Bank [ECB) took the lead in dropping interest rates below the zero mark.
Since alternatives to stimulating their economy were quickly exhausted, it is no surprise a large number of other countries are willing to try out this technique. They understand that negative interest rates hinder banks’ ability to hold cash on behalf of their customers, who do not want to pay useless fees, and instead promote risk taking by putting more money in the economy.
NIRP (NEGATIVE INTEREST RATES POLICY)
“Current economic realities might push interest rates below the zero mark.” Janet Yellen - U.S. Federal Reserve
The ECB now charges banks 0.4% interest to hold money overnight, a practice that began on March 10th of last year. By contrast, banks that extend loans to customers are offered a premium by the ECB.
Denmark and Sweden have both utilized negative interest rates to maintain their currency strength against the Euro. For the first time in 45 years, Switzerland decided to cut their deposit rate below the zero mark.
Since interest rates are controlled by the Central Bank, a negative interest rate will surely affect all fixed income securities.
Statistics show that as of February 2016, over $1.7 trillion of government bonds will be in the negative.
Such a failure in U.S. bonds means that, if you were to invest in a government bond and wait until it matures, you have no chance of getting all your money back.
Although most banks are hesitant to implement negative interest rates in the fear of losing customers, others are embracing it and see it as their only chance to generate revenue since interest rates on loans controlled by the government continue to plummet in an attempt to stimulate a volatile economy.
BAIL - IN'S
“ I think U.S. authorities could do it today - and I mean today! Paul Tucker - Central Bank Of England Deputy Governor
Because there are no more taxpayer bailouts coming from the Federal Reserve, top Wall Street banks are now on their own. This means that rather than using taxpayers’ money to cushion banks’ wasteful spending, it’s the money in your bank account that will instead be used to bail out the banks.
To make matters worse, banks have been given power to seize funds in any account whenever they send the economy in a tail spin like they did in 2008.
If you’ve ever heard your grandparents telling about their experience with the Great Depression in the 1930s, you must prepare for a similar economic disaster.
How Can Banks Do This?
By contract, whenever you deposit your money in a savings account, the right of ownership to that money is taken away from you.
The money now officially belongs to the bank.
To the banks, the money you keep in their custody is simply an unsecured debt. You should completely erase the thought of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) safeguarding your money from your memory, especially now that banks have re-arranged their priorities when it comes to the settling of debt.
The margin between FDIC insured assets, which are measured in mere billions and outstanding derivatives which are worth trillions, is actually very wide.
Did you know that the protection on your deposits is limited to $250,000 worth of insurance and is also dependent on the size of FDIC liquid assets in offsetting depositor’s money?
Ellen Brown was once quoted as asking: “What will be the fate of American depositors when big financial institutions like Bank of America or JP Morgan Chase are driven into bankruptcy, considering that they have large derivative?
The deposits in these two banks is in excess of $1 trillion, and the hypothetical values are more than the GDP of the world combined.”
ANSWERS CAN BE FOUND IN THE CYPRESS BAIL-IN METHOD
Not too long ago, depositors had their money taken away from them when Cypress sank into economic troubles.
The surprising thing about it was that most of the depositors were Russian oligarchs.
Wall Street banks and other banks around the world are trying to copy the Cypress method. Anyone who can read the times well, knows that the time has come for everyone to withdraw their hard earned money from JP Morgan Chase and Citibank and take it to smaller banks.
Otherwise, you risk losing your money - period!
UNDERSTANDING BAIL-IN’S
Unlike contractual agreements, which may take the form of capital requirements, a bail-in is a legal power granted to troubled financial institutions that allow them to stay afloat by turning unsecured debt in their custody to equity.
The chief aim of a bail-in is to help a troubled financial institution re-capitalize after an economic downturn. The problem with bail-ins is that they come at your expense, not taxpayers.
Some of these terms may sound foreign, but here are some important facts to note:
- What was known as bankruptcy is now known as "resolution proceeding". The smartest way for banks to solve their insolvency problems is to convert their liabilities yo capital. to remain in operation after insolvency, troubled banks are now free to utilize unsecured debt in their custody.
- There are many different definition for "unsecured debt," but it is mainly used to refer to deposits kept with banks. Insolvent banks can become solvent by taking ownership of the hard earned money of their depositors. In the event of bankruptcy, a bank's stock can become useless.
- The U.S. government will soon adapt Cyprus' method od seizing their unsuspecting depositors' money.
- Rather than selling whatever they have left and packing up, some money crazy banks will prefer to stay afloat no matter the cost.
And who bears this cost? We depositors.
Whether you accept it or not, the money you keep in your savings account is an “unsecured debt” to a bank. Your money is part of the trillions of dollars that will have to wait in line before it can be paid out.
However, the Bankruptcy Act of 2005 coupled with the Dodd Frank Act both serve as a protection to derivative counter-parties because it empowers them to claim collateral, should a financial institution become insolvent. In plain English, should your bank become insolvent, you can bid farewell to your money because the possibility of getting it back is slim to none.
Considering the fact that lower and middle class income earners have their money locked in savings accounts, while the elites have theirs invested in preferred stock, real estate and precious metals, it is obvious that it is the poor that will be hit hardest in the event of a bank’s insolvency.
During the banking crisis of 2008, pension funds were duped by Wall Street, and they are ready to get hit again should there be another collapse happen. Since pension funds can be easily converted to bail-in deposits, banks won’t hesitate to lay their hands on them, whenever they are in need of money.
Tracking Precious Metals
As banks continue to rely on bail-ins to save them from their derivative obligations, the resulting mass exodus from the US banking system by depositors is leading many people to precious metals, an investment solution that has offered a unique level of privacy - Until now.
On Sept. 26th, 2016 the American Bankers Association and the Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures announced it started tracking a list of Fungible Gold, Silver, Platinum and Palladium Bars and Coins.
The term Fungible as used describes these products as, “Property of a good or a commodity whose individual units are capable of mutual substitution.” Simplifying an interchangeable value system for coins and bars worldwide through CUSIP Global Services (CGS) essentially means, when the banking system needs to calculate your asset value outside of the financial system, or what they have recently labeled as “Black Money,” they can now easily do so.
INTRODUCING CUSIP IDENTIFIERS
What is a CUSIP identifier?
A CUSIP is a detailed 45 year old system that uniquely identifies a particular financial instrument. For example:
7M5334AA0 Gold Coin British Sovereign 0.2354 OUNCE
7M5324AA1 Gold Coin AMERICAN EAGLE (ANY YEAR) PROOF
7M5386AA0 Silver Coin AMERICAN EAGLE (ANY YEAR) PROOF
The first six digits identify the issuer, the next two the issue, and the last one is a check digit to validate the information.
CUSIP’s are global identifiers that can be consistently recognized in capital markets throughout the world. Their system currently covers over nine million global financial instruments.
Tracking Precious Metals
DIGITIZING YOUR INVESTMENTS
The absence of CUSIP identifier numbers for physical-precious metals investment products was one of the mechanical aspects that kept them safe during the turmoil in the financial markets.
With the European banking sector, led by Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank, in collapse mode, investing in digitized physical Gold that is being held in depositories on the behalf of American IRA’s has become very risky.
Experts agree that the digitizing of precious metals traditionally known as private is an insane act of desperation by the central planners.
HOW TO AVOID CUSIP IDENTIFIERS
The solution to protect yourself is surprisingly simple:
• Convert your wealth into forms of Gold and Silver that are the hardest for rapacious governments to regulate via our Asset Exchange Program.
• If you are privately holding precious metals or have a precious metals IRA, contact us to obtain the extensive list of assets that currently have CUSIP Identifier numbers.
OWNING UNTRACEABLE GOLD AND SILVER
It has been evident throughout history that paper money only lasts for a very short period of time.
As a matter of fact, Fiat currency systems are a tool utilized by governments to get out of debt.
Although it remains a powerful currency on the world stage, the harsh reality is that the U.S. dollar cannot last forever.
Just like its counterparts, it will one day plummet in value to match the global economy.
The good news is, you can protect your money from the inevitable loss caused by the downfall of the U.S. dollar.
Like the richest men alive, take a smart step forward by taking your bank deposits out of the fiat currency system and putting it into a system that guarantees optional safety.
You can do this by simply investing in precious metals like Gold and Silver.
A Currency With No Boundaries
We are proud to be of service in assisting you to protect yourself from the evident breakdown of the U.S. financial system.
Our huge supplier database allows us to offer an almost unlimited inventory of the finest, untraceable Gold and Silver in the world.
Join satisfied clients and convert your bank deposits to “Currency without boundaries” by picking up the phone and calling us today at (800) 669-2700, before your earnings are taken hostage by your bank.
WORKS CITED
SAR Stats Technical Butetin 2015” FinCEN, fincen.gov Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. Oct. 2015. Web. 15 Mar. 2016 hftps://www.fincen.govinews_room/rp/ files/SAR02/SAR_Stats_2_FINALpdf
“Cyprus Imposes Severe Capital Control" Courtney Weaver. tt.com The Financial limes Group Mar. 2013. Web. 15 Mar. 2016 http://on.ft.com/109ou8o
“Prosecutor. Banks Need to Do More Than File SARs” Rochel Louise Ensign, wsJ.com The Wall Street Journal. Mar. 2015. Web. 16 Mor. 2016 http://blogs.wslcom/ r1skandcompliance/2015/03/16/top-us-prosecutor-banks-need-to-do-moreHian-file-sars/
“G20 - Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity (TLAC) Principles and Term Sheet” Financial Stability Board, fsb.org G20 Hnonce Ministers Nov. 2015. Web. 15 Mar. 2016 hltp://www.fsb.org/2015/11/total-lossabsorbing-capacily-ffac-principles-andterm-sheet/
“Ukraine lightens Capital Controls as Hryvnia Drop Fuels Risk” KrystofChamonikolos, bloomberg.com Bloomberg Business. Feb. 2015. Web. 15 Mar. 2016 http://www.bloomberg.com/ newslarticles/2015-02-23/ukrainebonds-fall-for-7112-day-to-record-afterkharkly-bombing
“Big Banks Can Be Dismantled, Say U.S. and U.K. Regulators” Jesse Hamilton, bloomberg.com Bloomberg Business. Oct. 2013 Web. 15 Mar. 2016 http://www.bloomberg.com/news/ articles/2013-10-13/ big-banks-can-bedismantled-say-u-s-and-u-k-regulators
‘’Life Under Capital Controls” The Economist Newspaper Limited. theeconomist.com The Economist Newspaper Limited. London Sept. 2015. Web. 15 Mar. 2016 http://www.economist.cominews/ europe/21664223-modern-society-canfunction-without-known-comfortsand-conveniences-life-under-capitalcontrols
Gold is the everyman’s way to save. It holds its value over the long term. As such, it’s a hedge against the ever-falling value of the dollar. Gold is the once and future money.
“In reality, there is no such thing as an inflation of prices, relative to gold. There is such a thing as a depreciated paper currency.”
— Lysander Spooner
“For more than two thousand years gold’s natural qualities made it man’s universal medium of exchange. In contrast to political money, gold is honest money that survived the ages and will live on long after the political fiats of today have gone the way of all paper.”
— Hans F. Sennholz
“When paper money systems begin to crack at the seams, the run to gold could be explosive.”
— Harry Browne
“A sustained policy of inflation leads a gold-standard country to a cumulative loss of gold and finally to the abandonment of that system then the national currency can freely depreciate. In a country whose currency is not convertible into gold, inflation leads to its continuous devaluation in terms of foreign currencies.”
— Michael A. Heilperin
“Until government administrators can so identify the interests of government with those of the people and refrain from defrauding the masses through the device of currency depreciation for the sake of remaining in office, the wiser ones will prefer to keep as much of their wealth in the most stable and marketable forms possible — forms which only the precious metals provide.”
— Elgin Goseclose
“Gold would have value if for no other reason than that it enables a citizen to fashion his financial escape from the state.”
— William F. Rickenbacker
“The paper standard is self-destructive.”
—Hans F. Sennholz
“With the exception only of the period of the gold standard, practically all governments of history have used their exclusive power to issue money to defraud and plunder the people.”
— F.A. Hayek
“The fate of the nation and the fate of the currency are one and the same.”
— Dr. Franz Pick
“The history of paper money is an account of abuse, mismanagement, and financial disaster.”
— Richard M. Ebeling
“The first requisite of a sound monetary system is that it put the least possible power over the quantity of money in the hands of politicians.”
— Henry Hazlitt
“All of the government’s monetary, economic and political power, as well as its extensive propaganda machinery, will be enlisted in a constant battle to drive down the price of gold — but in the absence of any fundamental change in the nation’s monetary, fiscal, and economic direction, simply regard any major retreat in the price of gold as an unexpected buying opportunity.”
— Irwin A. Schiff
“If ever there was an area in which to do the exact opposite of that which government and the media urge you to do, that area is the purchasing of gold.”
— Robert Ringer
“We are in a world of irredeemable paper money — a state of affairs unprecedented in history.”
— John Exeter
“No other commodity enjoys as much universal acceptability and marketability as gold.”
— Hans F. Sennholz
“Of all the contrivances for cheating the laboring classes of mankind, none has been more effective than that which deludes them with paper money.”
— Daniel Webster
“If you don’t trust gold, do you trust the logic of taking a beautiful pine tree, worth about $4,000 – $5,000, cutting it up, turning it into pulp and then paper, putting some ink on it and then calling it one billion dollars?”
— Kenneth J. Gerbino
“Borrowers will default. Markets will collapse. Gold (the ultimate form of safe money) will skyrocket.”
— Michael Belkin
“The international monetary order is more precarious by far today than it was in 1929. Then, gold was international money, incorruptible, unmanageable, and unchangeable. Today, the U.S. dollar serves as the international medium of exchange, managed by Washington politicians and Federal Reserve officials, manipulated from day to day and serving politicians goals and ambitions. This difference alone sounds the alarm to all perceptive observers.”
–Hans F. Sennholz
“Deficit spending is simply a scheme for the ‘hidden’ confiscation of wealth. Gold stands in the way of this insidious process. It stands as a protector of property rights.”
— Alan Greenspan
“Politicians can’t give us anything without depriving us of something else. Government is not a god. Every dime they spend must first be taken from someone else.”
— Barry Asmus
“Increasingly, the wealth of the modern world has come to be represented by financial assets rather than real assets, and this to me is a very unhealthy situation, because financial assets are inherently unstable. Financial assets (currencies, bonds, mortgages, stocks, bank credit, etc.) can be quickly and violently reduced in value, or destroyed completely by either inflation or deflation.”
—Donald J. Hoppe
“Betting against gold is the same as betting governments. He who bets on governments and government money bets against 6,000 years of recorded human history.”
— Gary North
“Gold is forever. It is beautiful, useful, and never wears out. Small wonder that gold has been prized over all else, in all ages, as a store of value that will survive the travails of life and the ravages of time.”
— James Blakeley
“Gold is not going to fade away and just become another useful metal.”
— Donald Hoppe
“Never have the world’s moneys been so long cut off from their metallic roots.”
— Murray Rothbard
“The gold standard sooner or later will return with the force and inevitability of natural law, for it is the money of freedom and honesty.”
— Hans Sennholz
“Every individual is a potential gold buyer, although he may not even need the gold. It may be added to the store of personal wealth, and passed from generation to generation as an object of family wealth. There is no other economic goold as marketable as gold.”
— Hans Sennholz
“To prefer paper to gold is to prefer high risk to lower risk, instability to stability, inflation to steady long term values, a system of very low grade performance to a system of higher, though not perfect, performance.
— William Rees-Mogg
“Start now buying gold coins, any kind, and hoarding them.”
— Dr. John L. King
“The gold standard makes the money’s purchasing power independent of the changing ambitions and doctrines of political parties and pressure groups. This is not a defect of the gold standard it is its main excellence.”
— Ludwig von Mises
“Place 5 percent to 10 percent of your total assets in gold bullion and selected gold and silver coins. No one knows with certainty whether the coming depression will be inflationary or deflationary.”
— James Dale Davidson
“…there seems to be a correlation between the intensity of the official attacks on gold and the severity of monetary crises.”
— Hans Sennholz
“I see a great future for gold and silver coins as the currency people may increasingly turn to when paper currencies begin to disintegrate.”
— Murray Rothbard
“Whenever an overall breakdown of a monetary or financial system occurs, return to gold always restores order, revives confidence and brings back prosperity.”
— Donald Hoppe
“The possibility of a discriminatory capital-gains tax on gold ‘profits,’ or even of outright confiscation, cannot be wholly dismissed. We must remember that in 1933, when private citizens began to exercise their clear legal right to convert their Federal Reserve notes and gold certificates into gold, President Franklin D. Roosevelt suspended the conversion, ordered the citizens to exchange their gold for paper money and made it illegal for private citizens to hold or own gold. in other words, the government not only broke its solemn and explicit pledge to convert its notes into gold on demand, but treated the holder ( and upe) who had taken the pledge serious as the real culprit.”
— Henry Hazlitt
“The authorities in the United States confiscated private gold holdings in the depression of the 1930’s. The may seek to do so again…”
— James Dale Davidson and Lord William Rees-Mogg
“From a strictly economic point of view, buying gold in a major inflation and holding it prob ably presents the least risk of capital loss of any investment or speculation.”
— Hans Sennholz
“Regardless of the dollar price involved, one ounce of gold would purchase a good-quality man’s suit at the conclusion of the Revolutionary War, the Civil War, the presidency of Franklin Roosevelt, and today.”
— Peter A. Burshre
“When you buy gold equities you’re buying gold that hasn’t yet been mined. Making an astute investment will demand an understanding not only of the forces that drive gold prices but also a grasp of the workings of the stock market and the fundamentals of the stock — the company’s reserves, production costs, earnings, dividends and management.”
— Pierre Lassonde
“The great merit of gold is precisely that it is scarce; that its quantity is limited by nature; that it is costly to discover, to mine, and to process; and that it cannot be created by political fiat or caprice.”
— Henry Hazlitt
“It is the greenback which is unstable, and not bullion.”
— Dr. Franz Pick
“Gold will be around, gold will be money when the dollar and the euro and the yuan and the ringgit are mere memories.”
— Richard Russell
“How rare is gold? if you could gather together all the gold mined in recorded history, melt it down, and pour it into one giant cube, it would measure only about eighteen yards across! That’s all the gold owned by every government on earth, plus all the gold in private hands, all the gold in rings, necklaces, chains, and gold art. That’s all the gold used in tooth fillings, in electronics, in coins and bars. It’s everything that exists above ground now, or since man learned to extract the metal from the earth. All of it can fit into one block the size of a single house. it would weigh about 91,000 tons — less than the amount of steel made around the world in an hour. That’s rare.”
— Daniel M. Kehrer
“Bullion doesn’t pay interest or dividends, nor does it grow or expand by itself. That’s the price you pay for tranquility.”
— Pierre Lassonde
“At a minimum, gold will rise to $3,000. A more likely scenario, however, is that the world’s financial system will break down completely. (The basis of that system is the U.S. dollar.) In that case, gold will rise as high as $10,000 to $40,000 — a point at which all credit — paper will be backed by gold.”
— Steve Puetz
“Gold is not less but more rational than paper money. Money holds value so long as it is in limited supply; gold will always be in limited supply and would require real resourced to produce even from the seal paper and printing ink are not in limited supply. The gold system is much closer to a modern automatic scientific control system than the crude and relatively unstable system of paper.”
— William Rees-Mogg
“Start buying gold now, regardless of the price. By acting now, you will not have to react when it’s too late. Too late will be when the majority of the public finally figures out what is happening to paper money and frantically tries to get aboard. Remember, if you’re one of the ones holding paper in the end, you will have given away your products and services for nothing.”
— Robert Ringer
“Money is gold, and nothing else”
— J.P. Morgan
“The desire for gold is the most universal and deeply rooted commercial instinct of the human race.”
— Gerald M. Loeb
“Even during the period when Rome lost much of her ancient prestige, an Indian traveler observed that trade all over the world was operated with the aid of Roman gold coins which were accepted and admired everywhere.”
— Paul Einzig
“The history of fiat money is little more than a register of monetary follies and inflations. Our present age merely affords another entry in this dismal register.”
— Hans F. Sennholz
“As fewer and fewer people have confidence in paper as a store of value, the price of gold will continue to rise.”
— Jerome F. Smith
“Those entrapped by the herd instinct are drowned in the deluges of history. But there are always the few who observe, reason, and take precautions, and thus escape the flood. For these few gold has been the asset of last resort.”
— Antony C. Sutton
“There are about three hundred economists in the world who are against gold, and they think that gold is a barbarous relic – and they might be right. Unfortunately, there are three billion inhabitants of the world who believe in gold.”
— Janos Fekete
“Water is best, but gold shines like fire blazing in the night, supreme of lordly wealth.”
— Pindar
“There can be no doubt that the international gold standard, as it evolved in the 19th century, provided the growing industrial world with the most efficient system of adjustment for balance of payments which it was ever to have, either by accident or by conscious planning.”
— M. Scammell
“When gold argues the cause, eloquence is impotent.”
— Publilius Syrus
Gold can a path through hosts of warders clear. And walls of stone more swiftly can displace than ever lightening could.”
— Horace
“Gold is proved by touch.”
— French Proverb
“Put forth thy hand, reach at the glorious gold.”
— William Shakespeare
“By common consent of the nations, gold and silver are the only true measure of value. They are the necessary regulators of trade. I have myself no more doubt that these metals were prepared by the Almighty for this very purpose, than I have that iron and coal were prepared for the purposes in which they are being used.”
— Hugh McCulloch
“Although gold and silver are not by nature money, money is by nature gold and silver.”
— Karl Marx
“Like Liberty, gold never stays where it is undervalued.”
— J.S. Morrill
“Gold is not necessary. I have no interest in gold. We’ll build a solid state, without an ounce of gold behind it. Anyone who sells above the set prices, let him be marched off to a concentration. That’s the bastion of money.”
— Adolf Hitler
“The modern mind dislikes gold because it blurts out unpleasant truths.”
— Joseph Schumpeter
“The tongue hath no force when gold speaketh.”
— Guazzo
“As good as gold.”
— Charles Dickens
“You have to choose [as a voter] between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stability and intelligence of the members of the government. And with due respect to these gentlemen, I advise you, as long as the capitalist system lasts, to vote for gold.”
— George Bernard Shaw
“It is extraordinary how many emotional storms one may weather in safety if one is ballasted with ever so little gold.”
— William McFee
“Though wisdom cannot be gotten for gold, still less can it be gotten without it.”
— Samuel Butler
“Chains of gold are stronger than chains of iron.”
— Thomas Fuller
“Man prates, but gold speaks.”
— Torriano
“Gold opens all locks, no lock will hold against the power of gold.”
— George Herbert
“Foul cankering rust the hidden treasure frets, but gold that’s put to use more gold begets.”
— William Shakespeare
“Gold were as good as twenty orators.”
— William Shakespeare
“Gold is a deep-persuading orator.”
— Richard Barnfield
“Gold is worshipped in all climates, without a single temple, and by all classes, without a single hypocrite.”
— Caleb C. Colton
“Gold is a treasure, and he who possesses it does all he wishes to in this world, and succeeds in helping souls into paradise.”
— Christopher Columbus
“Gold is the soul of all civil life, that can resolve all things into itself, and turn itself into all things.”
— Samuel Butler
“Gold gives an appearance of beauty even to ugliness.”
— Nicholas Boileau
“But divide your investments among many places, for you do not know what risks might lie ahead.”
Ecclesiastes 11:2 NLT
Joseph P. Tufo
Certified Cash Flow Consultant, Certified Capital Specialist, Certified Trainer MedXPrime
Skype: jptufo
MedXPrime, Commercial Loans, Business Funding, Cost Segregation, R&D Tax Credit, Property Tax Mitigation, Accounts Receivable Recovery, PGX Testing, and More...
Providing Honest Answers in a Timely Manner No Matter How Difficult the Situation
Trust, Integrity and Service Here Today Here Tomorrow
You may schedule a visit and meet me in person in the beautiful San Francisco Bay Area
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Our family have been Netflix subscribers since December 1999. We've enjoyed many family movie nights together and many memories as a result. With access to streaming these codes may help you access entertainment easier. The list has been edited to remove genre's our family does not care for.
First discovered by a blog known as What’s On Netflix, you can access these clandestine codes by simply typing specific URLs into a browser. Each URL looks like this: http://www.netflix.com/browse/genre/***
Action & Adventure: 1365
Action Comedies: 43040
Action Sci-Fi & Fantasy: 1568
Action Thrillers: 43048
Adult Animation: 11881
Adventures: 7442
African Movies: 3761
Alien Sci-Fi: 3327
Animal Tales: 5507
Anime: 7424
Anime Action: 2653
Anime Comedies: 9302
Anime Dramas: 452
Anime Fantasy: 11146
Anime Features: 3063
Anime Sci-Fi: 2729
Anime Series: 6721
Art House Movies: 29764
Asian Action Movies: 77232
Australian Movies: 5230
Baseball Movies: 12339
Basketball Movies: 12762
Belgian Movies: 262
Biographical Documentaries: 3652
Biographical Dramas: 3179
Boxing Movies: 12443
British Movies: 10757
British TV Shows: 52117
Campy Movies: 1252
Children & Family Movies: 783
Chinese Movies: 3960
Classic Action & Adventure: 46576
Classic Comedies: 31694
Classic Dramas: 29809
Classic Foreign Movies: 32473
Classic Movies: 31574
Classic Musicals: 32392
Classic Romantic Movies: 31273
Classic Sci-Fi & Fantasy: 47147
Classic Thrillers: 46588
Classic TV Shows: 46553
Classic War Movies: 48744
Classic Westerns: 47465
Comedies: 6548
Comic Book and Superhero Movies: 10118
Country & Western/Folk: 1105
Courtroom Dramas: 2748
Creature Features: 6895
Crime Action & Adventure: 9584
Crime Documentaries: 9875
Crime Dramas: 6889
Crime Thrillers: 10499
Crime TV Shows: 26146
Cult Comedies: 9434
Cult Movies: 7627
Cult Sci-Fi & Fantasy: 4734
Cult TV Shows: 74652
Dark Comedies: 869
Disney: 67673
Disney Musicals: 59433
Documentaries: 6839
Dramas: 5763
Dramas based on Books: 4961
Dramas based on real life: 3653
Dutch Movies: 10606
Eastern European Movies: 5254
Education for Kids: 10659
Epics: 52858
Experimental Movies: 11079
Faith & Spirituality: 26835
Faith & Spirituality Movies: 52804
Family Features: 51056
Fantasy Movies: 9744
Film Noir: 7687
Food & Travel TV: 72436
Football Movies: 12803
Foreign Action & Adventure: 11828
Foreign Comedies: 4426
Foreign Documentaries: 5161
Foreign Dramas: 2150
Foreign Movies: 7462
Foreign Sci-Fi & Fantasy: 6485
Foreign Thrillers: 10306
French Movies: 58807
Gangster Movies: 31851
German Movies: 58886
Greek Movies: 61115
Historical Documentaries: 5349
Independent Action & Adventure: 11804
Independent Comedies: 4195
Independent Dramas: 384
Independent Movies: 7077
Independent Thrillers: 3269
Indian Movies: 10463
Irish Movies: 58750
Italian Movies: 8221
Japanese Movies: 10398
Jazz & Easy Listening: 10271
Kids Faith & Spirituality: 751423
Kids Music: 52843
Kids’ TV: 27346
Korean Movies: 5685
Korean TV Shows: 67879
Late Night Comedies: 1402
Latin American Movies: 1613
Latin Music: 10741
Martial Arts Movies: 8985
Martial Arts, Boxing & Wrestling: 6695
Middle Eastern Movies: 5875
Military Action & Adventure: 2125
Military Documentaries: 4006
Military Dramas: 11
Military TV Shows: 25804
Miniseries: 4814
Mockumentaries: 26
Monster Movies: 947
Movies based on children’s books: 10056
Movies for ages 0 to 2: 6796
Movies for ages 2 to 4: 6218
Movies for ages 5 to 7: 5455
Movies for ages 8 to 10: 561
Movies for ages 11 to 12: 6962
Music & Concert Documentaries: 90361
Music: 1701
Musicals: 13335
Mysteries: 9994
New Zealand Movies: 63782
Period Pieces: 12123
Political Comedies: 2700
Political Documentaries: 7018
Political Dramas: 6616
Political Thrillers: 10504
Psychological Thrillers: 5505
Quirky Romance: 36103
Reality TV: 9833
Religious Documentaries: 10005
Rock & Pop Concerts: 3278
Romantic Comedies: 5475
Romantic Dramas: 1255
Romantic Favorites: 502675
Romantic Foreign Movies: 7153
Romantic Independent Movies: 9916
Romantic Movies: 8883
Russian: 11567
Satires: 4922
Scandinavian Movies: 9292
Sci-Fi & Fantasy: 1492
Sci-Fi Adventure: 6926
Sci-Fi Dramas: 3916
Sci-Fi Thrillers: 11014
Science & Nature Documentaries: 2595
Science & Nature TV: 52780
Screwball Comedies: 9702
Showbiz Dramas: 5012
Showbiz Musicals: 13573
Silent Movies: 53310
Slapstick Comedies: 10256
Soccer Movies: 12549
Social & Cultural Documentaries: 3675
Social Issue Dramas: 3947
Southeast Asian Movies: 9196
Spanish Movies: 58741
Spiritual Documentaries: 2760
Sports & Fitness: 9327
Sports Comedies: 5286
Sports Documentaries: 180
Sports Dramas: 7243
Sports Movies: 4370
Spy Action & Adventure: 10702
Spy Thrillers: 9147
Stage Musicals: 55774
Stand-up Comedy: 11559
Steamy Romantic Movies: 35800
Steamy Thrillers: 972
Supernatural Thrillers: 11140
Tearjerkers: 6384
Teen Comedies: 3519
Teen Dramas: 9299
Teen Screams: 52147
Teen TV Shows: 60951
Thrillers: 8933
Travel & Adventure Documentaries: 1159
TV Action & Adventure: 10673
TV Cartoons: 11177
TV Comedies: 10375
TV Documentaries: 10105
TV Dramas: 11714
TV Mysteries: 4366
TV Sci-Fi & Fantasy: 1372
TV Shows: 83
Urban & Dance Concerts: 9472
Westerns: 7700
World Music Concerts: 2856
Joe Tufo
925.352.6000
joe@joetufo.com
http://www.workingcapitalfast.com
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